elections of akims

Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, the second president of Kazakhstan since independence, assumed office in 2019. In response to growing economic inequality and worsening socio-economic conditions, the government began moving away from its long-standing “economy first, then politics” approach. This shift included reforms to the electoral system, changes in party formation rules, efforts to strengthen parliament, and the decentralization of power to enhance local governance (Cornell and Barro, 2022).

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