In November, foreign analytical articles underscored several noteworthy developments in the region. These encompassed a rise in international engagement of the region’s countries, human rights violations, migrants’ problems, and several top-level meetings that were held in the region last month.
Kazakhstan: Government Critic on Trial for Extremism
Several foreign outlets informed that the high-profile leader of an unregistered opposition party Marat Zhylanbayev was sentenced to 7 years in prison, in a case rights groups have denounced as political persecution. Barron’s reports that Zhylanbayev, chairman of the pro-reform Alga Kazakhstan (“Forward Kazakhstan”) party, had repeatedly criticised the ruling government and had been in detention since May. The court also banned him from taking part in any “social and political activities”, including using social media, for a period of three years. The trial was closed off from public observers and the media.
Zhylanbayev is a well-known long-distance runner in Kazakhstan and has completed some of the world’s toughest desert marathons in America, Asia, Africa, and Australia. He shot to prominence after rare anti-government protests broke out last year, which triggered a sweeping crackdown and the resignation of the government.
The legitimacy of the accusations against Zhylanbaev has come under scrutiny, with many suggesting that the charges are a form of political repression. Human Rights Watch has intervened, advocating for Zhylanbaev’s release and the dismissal of the charges, citing them as unjust and a violation of his right to a fair trial.
Kazakhstan’s Leader Makes Neutrality an Art
The Foreign Policy article discusses the geopolitical strategy employed by Kazakhstan under the leadership of President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. It highlights the president’s efforts to perform a diplomatic balancing act among major global powers such as Russia, China, and Western nations. The primary objective of this approach is to sustain Kazakhstan’s economic prosperity while keeping relations amicable with all these influential entities.
An article by the Voice of America (VOA) also describes the evolving landscape in Central Asia, highlighting the region’s efforts to establish a more autonomous stance in the international arena. According to the article, Tokayev bewildered Vladimir Putin and his entourage when, during a November 9 briefing in the Kazakh capital, he addressed the visiting Russian president in his native tongue. While Tokayev spoke in Kazakh for less than 30 seconds, the gesture made a point: Kazakhstan is not Russia. Moscow is a strategic ally and neighbor with a shared past, but Kazakhstan is a sovereign nation, states the VOA.
Yet many in the West have been slow to acknowledge the trend, including major news publications such as Reuters, Deutsche Welle, The Wall Street Journal and Time, all of which have recently referred to Central Asia as “Russia’s backyard.” Bloomberg, for example, covered the French president’s visit to Central Asia this month with an attention-grabbing “Macron Lands in Putin’s Backyard Seeking New Friends and Uranium.” Central Asian and some Western researchers take offense at the phrase, which they increasingly see as evidence of a colonial and condescending way of understanding a region that has its own history, culture and trajectory, notes the article.
“Peace Clubs” are Gaining Popularity Among Kyrgyz Youth
The Novastan article reports that in Kyrgyzstan, an initiative to foster peacebuilding among the nation’s youth has been gaining traction through the establishment of “Peace Clubs” in schools. These clubs, which now number over 150 across various educational institutions, are designed to encourage the peaceful coexistence of different ethnic groups under the concept of “Kyrgyz Jarany.” The Institute for Peace and Development is at the forefront of this movement, providing training sessions to the youth and facilitating the development of student-led peace projects.
The article states that the impact of the “Peace Clubs” has been notably positive, with observable improvements in student behavior and a rise in inclusivity and tolerance within the school communities. The overarching ambition of the initiative is to expand the reach of these clubs, aiming to establish a total of 1000 “Peace Clubs” by the year 2030. Additionally, the program seeks to support 120 peace initiatives throughout the country, further embedding the principles of peace and cooperation among the Kyrgyz youth.
EU Dialogue with Kyrgyzstan: Raise Unprecedented Threats to Civic Freedoms
According to the Eurasia Review platform, The European Union is actively engaging in a human rights dialogue with Kyrgyzstan amidst rising concerns over the deteriorating state of fundamental freedoms in the country. The dialogue comes at a time when Kyrgyzstan is facing unprecedented threats to the freedom of expression, association, and assembly. The EU’s attention has been drawn to a series of restrictive legal initiatives that are impacting non-governmental organizations and media outlets, as well as the increasing pressure on independent news services. Additionally, there have been reports of intimidation and harassment directed at individuals who voice criticism, further stifling dissent.
A particularly alarming development is the imposition of a blanket ban on peaceful protests in the capital, which represents a significant infringement on the citizens’ right to peaceful assembly. The EU is being called upon to address these pressing issues during its dialogue with Kyrgyzstan. Advocates for human rights are urging the EU to remind the Kyrgyzstani government of its legal obligations and to push for the protection and promotion of human rights within the country. The situation in Kyrgyzstan serves as a critical test for the EU’s commitment to upholding human rights standards in its external relations.
Tajikistan Seeks Regional Partners to Counter Threats from Afghanistan
The Jamestown Foundation article writes that as tensions rise in Central Asia, Tajikistan finds itself at the forefront of growing concerns regarding the stability of the region. The country, led by President Emomali Rahmon, is increasingly alarmed by the threats posed by militant groups operating from neighboring Afghanistan, now under Taliban control. Among these groups, Jamaat Ansarullo (JA) has been identified as a particularly significant threat to Tajikistan’s national security.
The issue of security threats emanating from Afghanistan, including drug trafficking and militancy, was a key topic addressed by President Rahmon at the fifth Summit of Central Asian States. The summit provided a platform for Tajikistan to voice its apprehensions and seek support from other nations in the region.
Tajikistan’s relationship with the Taliban has been strained, prompting the country to look beyond its immediate neighbor for assistance in countering the emerging threats. In pursuit of a more secure environment, Tajikistan is actively seeking to forge stronger ties with major regional powers such as Russia, China, Iran, and Pakistan. These countries are viewed as potential allies capable of collaborating on security measures to mitigate the risks posed by the militant groups based in Afghanistan.
Tajikistan: Migrants Trapped Between Currency Depreciation and Harassment
The Caspian Post article discusses the difficulties encountered by Tajik labor migrants in Russia, highlighting the dual challenge of currency depreciation and bureaucratic harassment. According to the article, these migrants are experiencing a decrease in the value of their earnings due to the depreciation of the ruble. This financial strain is compounded by the increasing cost of living in their home country, Tajikistan, which places additional pressure on their families’ ability to sustain themselves.
Furthermore, the article points out that Tajik migrants are subjected to increasing pressure from Russian bureaucracy, which adds to their hardships. Despite these obstacles, the article notes that many Tajik migrants view Russia as their sole opportunity for employment. The lack of viable job options compels them to endure these challenges in order to provide for their families. The situation paints a picture of the economic and social struggles faced by migrant workers in a foreign country, where they are trying to make a living under less than favorable conditions.
Turkmenistan: Nothing to See Here
The EurasiaNet platform examines the stance of Turkmenistan officials regarding accusations that the nation is infringing upon women’s rights. It delves into specific concerns such as the limitations imposed on women’s driving rights, the enforcement of a strict dress code, and the barriers to women’s involvement in decision-making roles. The article also touches upon the economic interactions between Turkmenistan and Iran, highlighting the ongoing trade and negotiations related to gas exports between the two countries.
Turkmenistan’s authorities have categorically denied any claims of gender discrimination, defending their policies and asserting that women’s rights are respected within the country. Despite these official statements, the article suggests that there are apparent restrictions affecting women, which have sparked international attention and criticism. The piece serves to shed light on the complexities of women’s rights in Turkmenistan, juxtaposed against the backdrop of its international economic relations, particularly with Iran, which remains a key player in the region’s trade and energy sectors.
Turkmenistan’s Prospective Emergence in the European Oil & Gas Market
The Denver Journal of International Law & Policy analyses the strategic ambitions of Turkmenistan under the leadership of its new president, Serdar Berdimuhamedov, particularly focusing on the nation’s efforts to enhance its economic footprint in Europe through the oil and gas sector. With substantial natural gas reserves at its disposal, Turkmenistan is actively pursuing the construction of a pipeline that would facilitate the delivery of its resources to the European market via Turkey. This initiative is seen as a significant step for the country in diversifying its energy export routes and establishing itself as a key player in the European energy landscape.
Despite these economic prospects, the article raises concerns regarding the Turkmen government’s management of the industry’s profits and the broader implications for human rights within the country. The potential for increased revenue from the oil and gas sector brings into question how the government will handle the financial gains and whether it will address the human rights issues that have been a point of international scrutiny. The article delves into the current dynamics of Turkmenistan’s oil and gas industry, the country’s aspirations for market expansion into Europe, and the potential consequences of such a strategic move on both the domestic and international fronts.
Activists targeted by Uzbekistan Face ‘Torture’ if Deported from Kazakhstan
An article by openDemocracy has brought to light the precarious situation of activists from Karakalpakstan, who are currently in Kazakhstan. These individuals are at imminent risk of torture should they be deported back to Uzbekistan. The activists had initially been arrested and detained in Kazakhstan following the Uzbek government’s violent crackdown on dissent in their home region. Although they have since been released from detention, their applications for refugee status have been denied, leaving them exposed to the possibility of extradition.
The article underscores the activists’ fear of persecution and the likelihood of facing unfair trials upon their return to Uzbekistan. It also points out Kazakhstan’s inconsistent track record in granting refugee status, raising concerns about the activists’ safety while they remain in the country. Furthermore, the report provides insight into the historical and political backdrop of the issue and sheds light on the broader challenges that refugees encounter in Kazakhstan. The article also touches upon the influence of big oil in UK universities, alongside the reported risks faced by the Uzbek activists in Kazakhstan.
Uzbekistan in Focus as France Pivots Toward Central Asia
As Geopolitical Monitor explains, France is actively enhancing its collaborative efforts with Uzbekistan and other nations in Central Asia, driven by a combination of geopolitical, energy, and economic motivations. A key aspect of this partnership is the diversification of energy sources, which is seen as a strategic move to diminish reliance on China, particularly concerning the supply of critical minerals. Additionally, France is keen on fostering trade and improving connectivity by supporting the development of the Middle Corridor.
The burgeoning relationship between France and Central Asian countries is anticipated to yield reciprocal advantages across several domains. Politically, it is expected to contribute to the stability and security of the region, while economically, it promises to open up new avenues for trade and investment. Environmentally, the collaboration could lead to the adoption of sustainable practices and the development of green technologies.
As these partnerships continue to evolve, they are likely to play a significant role in shaping the regional dynamics of Central Asia. The mutual interests of France and its Central Asian partners are poised to create a framework for sustained cooperation that could influence the broader geopolitical landscape.
Yet, an analytical piece by the Caspian Policy Center argues that despite the proactive approach, France faces several challenges in its quest to secure these new uranium sources. Logistical hurdles are a significant concern, as the transportation and infrastructure in Central Asia may not be fully equipped to handle the demands of uranium export. Additionally, Russia’s historical and geopolitical influence in Central Asia presents another layer of complexity, potentially complicating France’s negotiations and plans.
Compounding these issues is France’s strained relationship with Azerbaijan. This tension could disrupt the use of the Middle Corridor for transporting uranium, which is a critical route for the landlocked Central Asian countries to export their resources. As France navigates these diplomatic and logistical obstacles, the success of its endeavors in Central Asia remains to be seen.
Turkic States Cut Their Ties with Mother Russia
A significant geopolitical shift involving Turkic States, which encompasses Turkmenistan, Hungary, and the de facto Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, is discussed by the Eurasia Review platform. These states have reportedly severed their diplomatic and economic ties with Russia, opting instead to forge a closer alliance among themselves. The motivations behind this realignment are multifaceted, including economic interests, cultural connections, and a strategic inclination to reduce Russian influence in their respective regions.
The article highlights that this emerging alliance is not only consolidating its own base but is also attracting support from other influential regional entities such as the Gulf Cooperation Council and NATO. This development indicates a broader reconfiguration of alliances and partnerships, which could have far-reaching implications for regional and global politics.
The authors of the article suggest that the move by the Turkic States is a strategic one that global policymakers need to acknowledge and understand. The shift represents a potential change in the balance of power and influence, particularly in the regions where these states are located. The article implies that this new alliance could play a pivotal role in shaping future economic and political dynamics on the international stage.
SCO, EAEU, and CIS Heads of Government Convene in Kyrgyzstan
The Silkroad Briefing article provided an overview of the recent gathering in Kyrgyzstan, when the leaders from the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) convened to deliberate on a range of topics pertinent to regional cooperation. The summit’s agenda was comprehensive, encompassing discussions on enhancing economic collaboration, addressing security concerns, advancing infrastructure projects, and the strategic shift towards the use of national currencies for mutual settlements.
A significant point of discussion was the potential consolidation of the CIS and the EAEU, a move that would streamline regional integration efforts. The dialogue underscored the importance of a phased approach to integrating CIS countries into the EAEU framework, emphasizing the benefits for Eurasian trade and development.
The meetings were acknowledged as constructive, marking a step forward in fortifying the economic and political ties within the region. The emphasis on economic cooperation and regional integration highlights the collective ambition of these organizations to foster a more unified and resilient Eurasian landscape.